Liver Lobe Torsion in Rabbits: The Hidden Emergency Every Owner Should Know

Gastrointestinal stasis is a common emergency in rabbits, often presenting as lethargy, reduced appetite, and reduced fecal output.  It is important to remember that g.i. stasis is a secondary condition rather than a diagnosis itself. One serious underlying cause of G.I. stasis can be a liver lobe torsion. This can lead to significant pain, shock, and potentially life-threatening complications if not identified and treated promptly.

At Long Island Bird & Exotics Veterinary Clinic, our team frequently treats liver lobe torsions in rabbits. Understanding how this condition develops and recognizing symptoms early can make all the difference in your rabbit’s outcome.

What Is Liver Lobe Torsion in Rabbits?

The rabbit liver consists of five lobes, each connected by delicate tissue and blood vessels. A  liver lobe torsion occurs when one of these lobes twists on its blood supply, cutting off circulation. Without intervention, the affected tissue dies and toxins enter the bloodstream. This can easily lead to septicemia and death.

While the exact causes of liver lobe torsion in rabbits aren’t always clear, possible factors include sudden movement, minor trauma, genetics, or underlying liver disease. Lop breed rabbits and Flemish giants are considered predisposed to this condition. 

Recognizing the Signs of Liver Lobe Torsion

Early detection can be difficult because signs of liver lobe torsion in rabbits closely mimic other digestive issues. Owners often notice a lethargic rabbit or one that seems uncomfortable when picked up. Additional symptoms may include:

• Decreased appetite or refusal to eat

• Reduced fecal output

• Hunched posture or reluctance to move

• Grinding teeth (a sign of pain)

• Pale or slightly yellow gums

If any of these symptoms occur, seek emergency veterinary care, ideally with an exotics specialist. 

Diagnosing Liver Lobe Torsion in Rabbits

Diagnosing liver lobe torsion in rabbits requires a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging, and lab work. Your rabbit vet may begin with blood tests to assess liver function, look for anemia, and/or inflammation. An ultrasound can reveal an enlarged or twisted liver lobe. Additional imaging, such as CT, may be recommended before surgery to better visualize the liver. 

Treatment and Surgery

Once confirmed, surgery will be recommended to remove the damaged section of the liver and restore normal function. This surgery is a delicate procedure best handled by a team with specialized training in exotics. During surgery, the affected lobe is removed, and intensive supportive care follows; fluids, pain control, and nutritional support are vital. Rabbits who do not undergo surgery have a much more guarded prognosis; however, they can potentially recover with intensive care treatments.

Recovery typically involves hospitalization for several days, followed by careful observation at home. Owners should monitor appetite, fecal output, and behavior, and maintain follow-up appointments to ensure full recovery.

Prognosis and Prevention

The prognosis for liver lobe torsion in rabbits depends largely on how quickly treatment begins. Rabbits that receive surgery before the tissue becomes necrotic often recover well. Delays, however, can lead to sepsis or multi-organ failure.

There is no guaranteed way to prevent this condition, but monitoring your rabbit for any of the aforementioned signs is critical to ensure early detection.  

When to Seek Help

A rabbit that stops eating or becomes suddenly lethargic should never be left overnight without care. Conditions like liver lobe torsion can progress rapidly and are often fatal without prompt medical attention.

If you notice any of these symptoms, contact your local exotic veterinarian right away. For general wellness guidance and diet recommendations, explore our Rabbit Care Guide. In true emergencies, head directly to our Emergency Services.

At Long Island Bird & Exotics Veterinary Clinic, we provide advanced diagnostics, surgical care, and monitoring to give your rabbit the best possible chance of recovery.

Contact Us to speak with our experienced team or schedule an appointment today.